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Today, Martin Luther King, Jr. Park graces the West Edge of Cheyenne, surrounded by what has traditionally been a neighborhood populated with many African American families. The park honors the peaceful activist who strove for change for the black community across the country.
However, the residents of this neighborhood in the 1940s witnessed bravery in the face of power from one of Wyoming’s own African American women in history - Mrs. Lola West.
The Black and Tan Café: Lola West arrives in Cheyenne
Lola West came to Cheyenne in the mid-1920s and operated a successful restaurant called the Black and Tan Café, the name proudly announcing her willingness to serve a clientele of any background. The upper portion of the building was divided up into 14 rooms rented out to military wives (most certainly also African Americans).
Children stand in front of the Black and Tan in Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Little did Lola know, she would play a key role in a piece of Cheyenne history, bringing down the corruption that went up to the top of the political ladder in the Capitol City , despite her less-than-advantageous position in life as a single black woman in 1944.
How Lola West Brought Down Corruption
March 11, 1944, the former Chief of Police Jess B. Ekdall and Captain G.J. (Jet) Morris entered the Black and Tan with a scheme, partnering with Sergeant E.K. (Ekky) Violette and Mayor Ira L. Hanna. Using their positions of power, the men enforced a $100 fee and attempted to strongarm Lola into changing the offerings of her establishment to include drinking, gambling, and “hustling” (prostitution). If her current boarders wouldn’t comply, she was told to find new ones who would.
This, of course, did not sit well with the 52-year-old woman. The women Lola housed had very few places they could live in town, and she certainly couldn’t afford the $100 recurring bribe allegedly for “protection.”
Much to her advantage, federal investigators from the alcohol tax unit of the Internal Revenue Bureau approached her about helping with a sting operation to catch the men in their scam. Lola and club owner W.C. (Pop) Grimes wrote down the serial numbers of the bills she would use to pay the bribe at the Porters and Waiters Club.
Grimes, also being subjected to this payment, concealed the federal investigators at the club, allowing them to observe Lola’s payment and make an audio recording of the encounter. Lola and Grimes complained to the subordinate police officers that the expense was too steep, especially since Lola didn’t have working girls or gambling at her establishment. Insisting that Lola be able to speak to the decision-makers of the group, they met again later that evening, with all four men witnessed taking the payment from Lola, and the mayor’s and former chief’s involvement was solidly confirmed.
Justice Is Served
Upon the arrest of Mayor Hanna, three of the bills found in his billfold matched the list of serial numbers that Grimes and Lola compiled. The four men were charged with “co-jointly and while confederating and acting together, unlawfully and corruptly conspire, plan, scheme, counsel and agree together to make Cheyenne a lawless and open town by permitting gambling, prostitution and unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor.”
The defendants pleaded innocent and claimed the money was part of a $680 fine to discourage sordid activities in West Cheyenne and attempt to reduce venereal disease outbreaks. The money was to be deposited in the treasury and used to pay for parks and playground improvement projects.
As for possessing the incriminating bills, Hanna claimed he merely swapped out his own $20 bill to make change for a $5 donation to the Red Cross.
The men’s defense did not hold water, and the judge sentenced them to several years of prison (the police officers got shorter sentences than the former chief and the mayor). Shortly after the men arrived at the penitentiary in Rawlins, they transferred to the State Farm in Riverton; however, the men requested to be sent back to the prison rather than work at the farm.
The men were granted “trustee” positions, allowing them to work outside the prison and were released on parole less than three years later despite their seven to ten-year sentences.
Lola and an unidentified man stand by the jukebox at the Black and Tan Cafe in Cheyenne Wyoming.
Where is the Black and Tan Café Today
Today the building that housed the Black and Tan Café stands just two blocks from MLK Park. Lola West stood bravely in the face of racial adversity for her community. Lola West’s willingness to stand up against politically powerful white men and bring justice to her neighborhood made this ordinary woman an unlikely hero.
Enjoy the peek into Cheyenne's history? Check out our other articles on the Magic City’s heritage:
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The Freedom of the West: From Enslaved Person to Community Leader -
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Hidden in Plain Sight: Remnants of the Evolving Missile Program -
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"Only 30 Minutes Out" - Quebec 01 Missile Alert Facility State Historic Site -
Sources:
https://wyostatearchives.wordpress.com/2020/03/05/lola-west-cheyenne-african-american-entrepreneur/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_L._Hanna
"Four Cheyenne Men Placed on Trial In District Court". Casper Star-Tribune. May 2, 1944. p. 1.
"Charged with Taking Bribes". Casper Star-Tribune. March 20, 1944. p. 1.
"Hanna Declares Payments Were To Be Placed In Treasury". Casper Star-Tribune. May 5, 1944. p. 1.
"Mayor Hanna and Former Police Chief Sentenced to Terms of Not Less Than Seven Years by Judge Illsley". Casper Star-Tribune. May 7, 1944. p. 1.
"Four Cheyenne Men Are Trustees". Casper Star-Tribune. May 21, 1944. p. 3.
"Cheyenne Men Are Returned to Prison From State Farm". Casper Star-Tribune. June 23, 1944. p. 2.
"Charged with Taking Bribes". Casper Star-Tribune. March 20, 1944. p. 1.
